Table of material properties for structural steel S235, S275, S355, S420 (2024)

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Description:: Design aid - Table of design material properties and mechanical properties for structural steel including density, yield strength fy, ultimate strength fu and elastic modulus E
According to:: EN 1993-1-1:2005+AC2:2009 Sections 3.2.1, 3.2.6
Supported National Annexes:: No Nationally Defined Parameters (NDPs) in the calculation

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Tables

Material Design Properties for Structural Steel S235, S275, S355, S420, S450, S460 according to EN1993-1-1 §3.2.6
Material Property	Value
Density ρ	≈ 7850 kg/m³
Unit weight γ	≈ 78.5 kN/m³
Modulus of elasticity E (Young's modulus)	210000 MPa
Shear modulus G	G = E / [2 ⋅ (1 + ν) ] ≈ 81000 MPa
Yield strength f_y	see table below
Ultimate strength f_u	see table below
Poisson's ratio in elastic range ν	0.30
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion α	12 ×10^-6 °K^-1

Structural Steel Strength Properties for elements with nominal thickness t ≤ 40 mm

Structural Steel Strength Properties for elements with nominal thickness t ≤ 40 mm
		EN10025-2 Hot rolled products - Non-alloy structural steels				EN10025-3 Hot rolled products - Normalized/normalized rolled weldable fine grain structural steels				EN10025-4 Hot rolled products - Thermomechanical rolled weldable fine grain structural steels				EN10025-5 Hotrolledproducts- Structuralsteelswith improvedatmospheric corrosionresistance		EN10025-6 Hotrolledproducts- Highyieldstrengthstructural steelsinthequenched andtemperedcondition	EN10210-1 Hot finished structural hollow sections - Non-alloy and fine grain steels							EN10219-1 Cold formed welded structural hollow sections - Non-alloy and fine grain steels
Symbol	Description	S235	S275	S355	S450	S275 N/NL	S355 N/NL	S420 N/NL	S460 N/NL	S275 M/ML	S355 M/ML	S420 M/ML	S460 M/ML	S235 W	S355 W	S460 Q/QL/QL1	S235 H	S275 H	S355 H	S275 NH/NLH	S355 NH/NLH	S420 NH/NLH	S460 NH/NLH	S235 H	S275 H	S355 H	S275 NH/NLH	S355 NH/NLH	S460 NH/NLH	S275 MH/MLH	S355 MH/MLH	S420 MH/MLH	S460 MH/MLH
f_y (MPa)	Yield strength	235	275	355	440	275	355	420	460	275	355	420	460	235	355	460	235	275	355	275	355	420	460	235	275	355	275	355	460	275	355	420	460
f_u (MPa)	Ultimate strength	360	430	490	550	390	490	520	540	370	470	520	540	360	490	570	360	430	510	390	490	540	560	360	430	510	370	470	550	360	470	500	530

Structural Steel Strength Properties for elements with nominal thickness 40 mm < t ≤ 80 mm

Structural Steel Strength Properties for elements with nominal thickness 40 mm < t ≤ 80 mm
		EN10025-2 Hot rolled products - Non-alloy structural steels				EN10025-3 Hot rolled products - Normalized/normalized rolled weldable fine grain structural steels				EN10025-4 Hot rolled products - Thermomechanical rolled weldable fine grain structural steels				EN10025-5 Hotrolledproducts- Structuralsteelswith improvedatmospheric corrosionresistance		EN10025-6 Hotrolledproducts- Highyieldstrengthstructural steelsinthequenched andtemperedcondition	EN10210-1 Hot finished structural hollow sections - Non-alloy and fine grain steels							EN10219-1 Cold formed welded structural hollow sections - Non-alloy and fine grain steels
Symbol	Description	S235	S275	S355	S450	S275 N/NL	S355 N/NL	S420 N/NL	S460 N/NL	S275 M/ML	S355 M/ML	S420 M/ML	S460 M/ML	S235 W	S355 W	S460 Q/QL/QL1	S235 H	S275 H	S355 H	S275 NH/NLH	S355 NH/NLH	S420 NH/NLH	S460 NH/NLH	S235 H	S275 H	S355 H	S275 NH/NLH	S355 NH/NLH	S460 NH/NLH	S275 MH/MLH	S355 MH/MLH	S420 MH/MLH	S460 MH/MLH
f_y (MPa)	Yield strength	215	255	335	410	255	335	390	430	255	335	390	430	215	335	440	215	255	335	255	335	390	430	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
f_u (MPa)	Ultimate strength	360	410	470	550	370	470	520	540	360	450	500	530	340	490	550	340	410	490	370	470	520	550	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Notes

Steel grades according to the standards EN 10025-2, EN 10025-3, EN 10025-4, EN 1002-5, EN 10025-6 are applicable for hot rolled structural steel. Steel grades with the designation 'H', according to the standard EN 10210-1 are applicable for hot finished structural hollow sections. Steel grades with the designation 'H', according to the standard EN 10219-1 are applicable for cold formed structural hollow sections. See Details below for the description of the relevant EN standard.
Steel sub-grades JR, J0, J2, K2 characterize the ability of steel to behave in a ductile manner and therefore avoid brittle fracture, especially at low temperatures. The fracture toughness of steel is characterized in EN 1993-1-10 in terms of the KV(T) value i.e. the impact energy in Joules [J] required to fracture a Charpy V-notch specimen at a given test temperature T. Sub-grade JR correspond to a minimum KV of 27 J at Room temperature (+20°C). Sub-grade J0 correspond to a minimum KV of 27 J at 0°C. Sub-grade J2 correspond to a minimum KV of 27 J at -20°C. For more information see EN 1993-1-10.

Details

Design values of structural steel material properties

Nominal values of structural steel yield strength and ultimate strength

For structural design according to Eurocode 3 (EN1993-1-1), the nominal values of the yield strength f_y and the ultimate strength f_u for structural steel are obtained as a simplification from EN1993-1-1 Table 3.1, which is reproduced above in tabular format.

The provided values for f_y and f_u are nominal values. For the purpose of structural design appropriate material safety factors are applicable, such as the factors γ_M0, γ_M1, γ_M2 etc. in accordance with EN1993-1-1 §6.1.

The steel classes are defined in the corresponding standards:

EN 10025-2 Hot rolled products of structural steels. Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels
EN 10025-3 Hot rolled products of structural steels. Technical delivery conditions for normalized/normalized rolled weldable fine grain structural steels
EN 10025-4 Hot rolled products of structural steels. Technical delivery conditions for thermomechanical rolled weldable fine grain structural steels
EN 10025-5 Hot rolled products of structural steels. Technical delivery conditions for structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance
EN 10025-6 Hot rolled products of structural steels. Technical delivery conditions for flat products of high yield strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered condition
EN 10210-1 Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels. Technical delivery requirements
EN 10219-1 Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels. Technical delivery requirements

Unit weight and density of structural steel

The unit weight of structural steel is specified in the design standard EN 1991-1-1 Table A.4 between 77.0 kN/m³ and 78.5 kN/m³. For structural design it is standard practice to consider the unit weight of structural steel equal to γ = 78.5 kN/m³ and the density of structural steel approximately ρ = 7850 kg/m³.

Modulus of elasticity of structural steel

The modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus) of structural steel is specified in the design standard EN 1993-1-1 Section 3.2.6. For structural design the modulus of elasticity of structural steel is considered as E = 210000 MPa.

Design values of additional material mechanical properties for structural steel

According to EN1993-1-1 §3.2.6, the design values of the material properties and coefficients for structural steel are:

Modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus):: E = 210000 MPa
Shear modulus:: G = E / [ 2⋅(1 + ν) ] = 80769 MPa ≈ 81000 MPa
Poisson's ratio in elastic range:: ν = 0.30
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion:: α = 12 ×10^-6 °K^-1

According to EN1991-1-3 §3.2.6, for calculating the structural effects of unequal temperatures in composite concrete-steel structures to EN 1994 the coefficient of linear thermal expansion may be taken as α = 10 ×10^-6 °K^-1, i.e. the same as the coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete.